The paracetamol has an analgesic and antipyretic activity of intensity comparable to that of aspirin, but it has practically no effect on inflammation. There are no side effects of aspirin.

The acromto-clavicular joint is a joint that is located on the top of the shoulder, which enables the joining of the external part of the collarbone to the scapula spine that we also call the acromion.

Local anesthesia is limited to a small zone of body and does not alter the state of consciousness. The anesthetic product is applied or injected to the zone that is intended for injection. It is a medication that inhibits, in a reversible manner, the signal propagation along the nerves. If it is used at the level of the nerves of specific pathways, it is likely to produce effects such as analgesia (a decrease of pain perception).

In general, an anticoagulant is a substance that aims to limit the potential coagulation of blood and the clearing of blood. The goal is to prevent the formation or development of blood clots or thrombus.

Medication that aims to fight against platelet aggregation (blood platelet) of the blood. This type of molecule is used to prevent certain blood platelet diseases (accompanying formation of thrombus: blood clot). Aspirin is a part of antiplatelet aggregation. In low doses, it prevents blood platelets from making the first step of blood coagulation.

This is an infiltration inside the gleno-humeral joint (the main joint of the shoulder) for patients symptomatic of capsulitis. This infiltration consists of injecting a mix of corticosteroids and Marcaine to reduce pain and increase joint mobility. This infiltration must be done under fluoroscopy guidance in order to ensure that medication is given to the inside of the joint. Once the needle is placed adequately, the physician injects cortisone followed by Marcaine to stretch the joint cap.

Arthrosis is frequently considered as rheumatism. It presents as the premature wearing down of joint cartilage. It manifests as pain during movement and the feeling of stiffness.

Three points of support between the vertebrae that form a tripod. The intervertebral disc represents anterior support, while two facets (joints) constitute posterior joint. As four, two superior and two inferior, they join vertebral facets above and below.
Facet joints perform many functions including guiding and limiting movements between two vertebrae as well as carrying a part of the weight supported by the spine (20-30%). This weight would tend to increase proportionately to disc deterioration.

Brachialgia is mainly secondary to an irritation of a spinal nerve that originates in the upper spine and goes into the upper limb. Irritation of spinal nerves are more frequently caused by a herniated cervical disc or foramina cervical stenosis. Brachialgia is one sort of “sciatica” of the arm.

A canal formed by the stacking of vertebral arcs on all the height of the spine. This canal protects and supports the spinal cord, brain and the root of spinal nerves (vertebral).

Capsulitis is a benign inflammation of the joint cap. The most frequent form of capsulitis is that which reaches the shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). More rarely, the hip can be affected by a capsulitis.

This concerns the different joints between the five metacarpals and second row of carpal bones.

The coccyx is the bone located at the base of the spine. It is made of four to six fused vertebrae. The coccyx is located between the sacrum and sphincter of the anus. It is an indispensable bone for structural balance and keeping the human body intact.

This is a mechanical conflict between tendons of the head and the acromion, which is a bone structure of the scapula located just below.

Cortisone is a hormone in the steroid family. In the organism, cortisone is produced by adrenal glands, located at the level of the upper part of the kidneys. Its primary actions are to intervene against inflammatory or allergic reactions and to act at the level of connective tissue. Cortisone is also often made in the laboratory, in order to be used in the context of medical examinations. It is frequently used regularly in the context of transitory articular aches, sometimes in the form of injection, but also in the long term for chronic joint diseases.

Belongs to the class of medication called anticoagulants. Its particular characteristic earns it the name of blood “thinner”, because the blood becomes less viscous. Coumadin aids in preventing the formation or increase of the volume of blood clots, but it does not dissolve them.

Arthritis of the hip, also called coxarthrosis, is a disease that is very disabling. Arthritis of the hip is one of the most frequent forms of arthritis, just after knee arthritis.

The hip joint is a joint that belongs to the hip and unifies the head of the femur to a cavity of spherical shape that is embedded inside the iliac bone (lateral bone composing the basin), the cup.

Constitutes the intervertebral joint enabling the establishment of rachis mobility. It is a type of amphiarthrosis joint involving 2 surfaces joint covered in cartilage, but without a cavity.

Epidural is medical term describing an area located between the dura mater and vertebrae. This term relates also to certain local anesthetic practices (also called epidurals), which consist of the injection of an anesthetic substance into the epidural space to anesthetize the lower part of the organism and to prevent pain.

Blood glucose corresponds to the quantity of glucose contained in the blood and is usually expressed in grams per litre of blood. Blood glucose is indispensable to the proper functioning of an organism, because it constitutes the main energy of an organism that is readily usable. One part of blood glucose is transformed in the form of glycogen, forming a glucose reserve, stocked mainly in the liver and mobilisable plasmids at any time to compensate when blood glucose goes too low.

This technique consists of performing injections through the use of specialized radiologic equipment. This equipment enables us to visualize bones and articular structures and enables us to guide the needle position during various injection techniques. In addition to visualizing articular and bone structures, this technology is also able to use contrast agent of an iodine base that confirms the right positioning of injection and allows us to offer techniques that are safer, more accurate and more efficient.

Hemorrhage is a blood flow outside of the natural blood circulation. It can consist of a simple bleeding in a small quantity like in the case of a small cutaneous wound or a great loss of blood that is life threatening. A hemorrhage can be external or internal.

A herniated disc is a disease of the intervertebral disc, between two vertebrae, more often lumbar and sometimes cervical. Due to a pressure from a compression that is too hard or too long, or of shock, the intervertebral disc, which plays the role of the shock absorber between the two vertebrae, is crushed a little. The nucleus pulpous that it contains then protrudes (it is a general signification of the term hernia) to the inside of the spinal canal.

Anatomical orifice of a narrow and elongated shape related to the sacrum and coccyx.

Fibrous cartilage in a ring shape that surrounds the coxo-femoral joing.

Relating to the muscles and skeleton.

Peripheral nerves are numerous nerves linked to the central nervous system, formed by the brain and spinal cord, located along the spine, connecting to different muscles and body organs. Peripheral nerves are, in reality, made up of nerve roots that come from the spinal cord (anterior horn cells of grey matter) and of one or more nerve trunks or nerves.

Sciatic nerve (called also ischiatic nerve) is the longest nerve of the human body and has the largest diameter. It runs from many nerve branches to the level of the spine, in particular the roots of the two last lumbar vertebrae (L4 and L5) and three primary sacral nerves. Then it continues its path to the level of the buttock, to the level of the anterior half of the leg and is divided to the rear part of knee. It ensures in this way the motion and the sensitivity of the rear part of the thigh.

Disc nucleoplasty is a percutaneous technique for the treatment of certain herniated discs.

Pathology defines etymologically a branch of medicine that studies diseases. This mainly includes research into their causes, their triggers or favoring factors, their development and their prognostics, with the final objective of understanding how best to treat them and eventually to prevent them.

Medication that is in the category of anti-platelets. We use Plavix to help prevent heart attacks, strokes and certain other circulatory problems for people with atherosclerosis. This medication inhibits the ability of platelets to create thrombus (blood clots).

Medication that is in the category of anticoagulants. Primarily for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in adult patients having benefited from elective surgery for total hip or knee replacements. For the prevention of stoke and of systemic embolism (SE)

A nerve root, also called the spinal root, it is a whole of the nerve that emerge from the spinal cord. In even numbers along the spine, each nerve root is constituted of a dorsal branch, sensitive, and ventral branch, motor.

Neuroforamen shrinkage is a shrinkage that refers to a reduction in the size of the opening in the spine. As this opening is narrowed, the nerve is compressed which may in turn cause a pain that irradiates along the nerve path. For the lumbar nerve, neuroforaminal shrinkage can affect nerve roots, which form the sciatic nerve. This shrinkage occurs often in the context of lumbar stenosis. For the cervical nerve, neuroforminal shrinkage can affect nerve roots that run down the arm and into the hand. The shrinkage can also affect the spinal cord, causing neurological symptoms. This condition can be a part of cervical stenosis, or if the spinal cord is touched, cervical myelopathy.

Rhizarthrosis is a term designated to the most proximal joint arthritis. It means the root of one limb. In practice, this term is only used to refer to the arthritis of the base of the thumb, which is the carpo-metacarpal joint (between the forefinger and the base of the thumb).

The sacrum is located at the level of the spine, vertically between the lumbar vertebrae and coccyx, and horizontally between the two iliac basins.

Name given to a joint between the sacrum (triangular bone located between fifth lumbar vertebrae and coccyx, last bone of the spine) and iliac bones (each of the two bones of the flanks that form the basin belt).

Saline solution, which contains salt.

Atalo-calcaneal joint, also called the subtalar joint, is constituted by two articular surfaces that connect two bones of the heel, it means the calcaneus astragal. This joint enables seesaw movements of the heel on the side.

Spinal stenosis is the shrinkage of certain parts (spinal canal) of the spine that causes irritation to the spinal cord or to roots of one of the many nerves that leave the spinal cord.

A joint that ties the internal end of the collarbone to the upper part of the sternum.

Mechanical system is a painful clamping of the rotator cuff (and the pouch which holds it) that occurs during large movements of the shoulder, when there is compression by overhead bone structures.

Foot joint.

Tendonitis is general term to designate pathologies that lead to suffering in the tendon. They can occur suddenly, or gradually over time. The causes of tendonitis are a too high demand of the muscles, repeated movements, traumas, but also inflammatory pathologies, crystal deposits in the tendon, an infectious origin.

Annular thermoplasty is a treatment that consists of heating the collagen of the posterior annulus of the intervertebral disc to cause scarring reaction and prevent nerves from transmitting pain.

The group of bones that constitute the posterior skeleton of the foot, it refers to the back part of the foot arch. It is a joint that is relatively strong and not highly mobile which is disposed in two rows (anterior and posterior tarsus) to form the foot arch.

Instrument used to practice punctures. Like a needle, it is constituted of a metal rod in a cylindrical form and finished by a triangular shape including three cutting edges. It is different from a needle, in that the trocar contains a cannula on the tip. Once a puncture is performed, the cannula remains in the tissue that it has penetrated, thus facilitating the drain of liquid.

Carpal tunnel is located in the central part of the wrist. It is a crossing axis that is inserted in tendons that enable the movement of the fingers. Carpal tunnel is located to the ventral side of the wrist. The median nerve descends in the arm then the forearm. Within the wrist, it passes through carpal tunnel and crosses it, accompanied by tendons of flexor muscles fingers. The median nerve ensures the sensitivity of the thumb, index, middle and one part of the ring finger. It also ensures motor innervations of the thumb muscles.

Each one of the short bones constituting the spine (the human body has 24 independent vertebras, separated by intervertebral discs: 7 cervical, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar. Each vertebrae is formed on the body, on which it is attached, of each side, a pedicle and a blade limiting the vertebral hole, through which passes the spinal cord.)

Brand name of lidocaine that is used for local anesthetic. It is a local anesthetic the most widely used around the world, and is used in solutions for injection, in spray, in gel, and so on.